Soil profile
High Speed Rail (Crewe – Manchester) Environmental Statement, Glossary, abbreviations and references, published by the Department for Transport in 2022, defines soil profile as: ‘A vertical cross-section through a soil, showing the different layers or horizons. In most soils there are three soil horizons, ‘A’, ‘B’ and ‘C’. Engineers consider the ‘A’ and ‘B’ horizons to be ‘Topsoil’ and the ‘C’ horizon as ‘Subsoil’, whereas in agricultural terms the ‘B’ horizon is normally considered to be the upper subsoil and the ‘C’ horizon is the lower subsoil. Agricultural practitioners generally consider a soil profile to be about 1.2m in depth, unless an impenetrable layer (e.g. hard rock) occurs at shallower depths.’
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